KIRCHHOFF'S CURRENT LAW

Table of result :

SOURCE E1 (volt)	SOURCE E2 (volt)	RESISTOR R1 (ohms)	RESISTOR R2 (ohms)	RESISTOR R3 (ohms)
24V	24V	1kΩ	1kΩ	1.5kΩ

AMMETER READING
MEASURED VALUES			CALCULATED VALUES
METER A1 (amperes)	METER A2 (amperes)	METER A3 (amperes)	METER A1 (amperes)	METER A2 (amperes)	METER A3 (amperes)
10.5mA	-1.5mA	9mA	10.5mA	-1.5mA	9mA

Calculation :

E1 - E2 = I1r1 – I2r2

24 – 12 = 1000I1 – 1000I2

1000I1 – 1000I2 = 12 ------------------ (1) ×3

E2 = I2r2 + ( I1 + I2 ) R3

12 = 1000r2 + 1500I1 + 1500I2

1500I1 + 2500I2 = 12 ----------------- (2) ×2

3000I1 – 3000I2 = 36----------------- (3)

3000I1 + 5000I2 = 24----------------- (4)

(3) – (4)

-8000I2 = 12

I2 = -1.5mA

Substitute I2 = -1.5mA into (1)

1000I1 – 1000 ( -1.5×10ˉ ³ ) = 12

1000I1 + 1.5 = 12

1000I1 = 10.5

I1 = 10.5mA

I1+I2 = 9mA

I1 = A1 I2 = A2 I1 + I2 = A3

= 10.5mA = -1.5mA = 9mA

Analysis, deduction and conclusion :

(a) Has Kirchhoff´s current law been verified?

What facts determined from the results of this test support this decision?

Yes, because according to kirchhoff´s current law, at any junction in an electric

circuit the total current flowing towards that junction is equal to the total current

flowing away from the junction.

From the test : I1 + I2 = I3 : 10.5m + (-1.5m) = 9mA

(b) Do the test results compare favourably with those calculated? What could be some of the causes for the discrepancies?

The test result favourably with those calculated, but if not it maybe because of

electrical loading which is disruption of instrument in the circuit, limiting of

resolution or accuracy of the meter, or carelessness and inexperienced user.

(c) Are there any circuit configuration for which Kirchhoff´s two laws are not

applicable? Substantiate your answer.

Kirchhoff´s voltage law only can being applied on series circuit and not parallel,

while kirchhoff´s current law can only being applied on parallel but not series. Th

the circuit that cannot used superposition theorem is series and parallel network.

(d) For what type of circuit configuration would it be prudent not to apply kirchhoff´

Law.

Series and parallel network

simple win 32 console apps

#include
main ()
{
float y1, y2, avgy;
float avg(float, float);
y1 = 5.0;
y2 = 7.0;
avgy = avg(y1, y2);
cout << "\n The Average = "<< avgy;
return 0;
}
float avg(float x1, float x2)
{
float avgx;
avgx = (x1 + x2)/2;
return avgx;
}

simple win 32 console apps

# include
main()
{
float temper [40],sum=0.0, *ptr;
int num, day = 0;
ptr=temper;
do
{
cout <<"\n Enter temperature for day"<<++day;
cout <<"\n (0 to terminate):";
cin >> *ptr;
} while ((*ptr ++)>0);
ptr = temper;
num = day - 1;
for(day = 0; day < num; day ++);
sum += * (ptr ++);
cout <<"\n Average = " <return 0;
}

You must use Visual C++ in order to run this application

Win32 Console Application

Just type in this command

#include
#include
#include
#include
struct vegetable
{
char name [30];
double price;
};

main()
{
struct vegetable veg1, veg2;
struct vegetable addname();
void list_func(vegetable);
veg1 = addname();
veg2 = addname();
cout <<"\n Vegetable for sale \n";
list_func(veg1);
list_func(veg2);
cout<<"\n";
return 0;
}
struct vegetable addname()
{
struct vegetable vege;
cout <<"\n Enter name of vegetable:";
cin >> (vege.name);
cout <<"\n Enter price (per 100):";
cin >> (vege.price);
return (vege);
}
void list_func(vegetable list)
{
cout <<"\nVegetable name: "< cout <<"\nVegetable price: "< return;
}